Just when we thought the targeted ads couldn’t get any worse, we discovered they contained malware.
- Researchers discovered a no-click spyware campaign delivered through online ads, which required no user interaction.
- Journalists’ devices were infected with surveillance malware capable of stealing data, messages, audio and video
- The investigation linked the operation to Israeli companies linked to advertising technology infrastructure and commercial spyware.
Picture this: you are a journalist. You get to work, log on to your computer, and go about your daily activities. While browsing the Internet, you see an ad for headphones. You don’t click on the ad, you don’t even look at it with interest. You simply display it, like any other ad on the internet, and scroll on to continue with your day.
But the moment the ad was published, his computer was infected with a powerful information stealer. The malware collected all types of sensitive data, including files, documents, cookies, bookmarks, and even saved credentials. It captured your keystrokes, took screenshots while you worked, and was even able to use its microphone and camera to record you while you worked.
Email messages, as well as instant messages shared across a wide range of platforms, were also harvested and exfiltrated.
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Mission impossible
While this may seem like a scene from a Mission Impossible movie, unfortunately it’s completely real. The victims of this story are Al Jazeera journalists (among others). In 2024, some of the journalists noticed their devices acting strangely, so they contacted Canadian cybersecurity company Citizen Lab, who confirmed the first case of a no-click mercenary spyware attack that was delivered through online ads. They call it “AdFection”.
Both Al Jazeera and Citizen Lab have published their findings, and while the question of who could be targeting journalists remains unanswered, researchers know who facilitated it: two Israeli companies, one of which has been on the US blacklist for half a decade.
The two companies are called Candiru and Discover-Tech. The first is a mercenary spyware company that sells sophisticated surveillance tools to government clients. They were the ones who built the information thief and delivery mechanism. Investigators did not say who bought the tool and who was spying on journalists, but they did say that the information thief cost “several million dollars.”
Candiru is now known as Integrity Labs, following a rebrand and a reported acquisition. The US Department of Commerce blacklisted it in early November 2021, citing evidence that it supplied spyware to foreign governments who used it to attack government officials, journalists, activists and others. However, it appears that Candiru was delisted at the end of July 2026.
The second company in the infection chain is Discover-Tech. It is an Israeli advertising technology company that operates MyDSP, a demand-side platform that purchases digital advertising inventory through automated advertising exchanges. Ads containing the Candiru malware were allegedly served through Discover-Tech’s infrastructure.
The discovery raised questions about whether Discover-Tech was ever a legitimate business or simply a cover for a highly sophisticated cyberespionage campaign.
Who are the targets?
“We present technical evidence that the Israel-based company Discover-Tech, while purporting to be a legitimate advertising company, appears to be a front for large-scale advertising espionage abuse,” Citizen Lab researchers wrote. “In fact, it appears that serving as a bridge is Discover-Tech’s primary goal.”
The company was listed on Google and IAB Europe as an approved supplier as of 2020. The Registry reported. Citizen Lab analyzed approximately four billion ad bidding records and found Discover-Tech ads in more than 70,000 mobile apps and 120,000 websites in the second quarter of 2026 alone.
So the question now is: how many people are affected and where do they work?
Citizen Lab says at least 45 devices belonging to Al Jazeera were compromised in this way in 2024 and 2025. Citing data from New York-based ad security firm Confiant, The Registry reported that some of Discover-Tech’s ads also appeared on critical networks used by the Pentagon, the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency, and the International Criminal Court, the same court that in 2024 issued an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, alleging responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
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